Scleritis

Scleritis is a rare and potentially serious inflammatory condition that affects the sclera, which is the white outer layer of the eye. It is characterized by redness, severe eye pain, and discomfort. Scleritis is typically a result of underlying autoimmune or inflammatory disorders, and it requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and preserve vision.

Key points about scleritis:

1. Types of Scleritis:

   • Anterior Scleritis: This is the most common form and affects the front part of the eye. It can be further divided into different subtypes, including diffuse, nodular, and necrotizing scleritis.

   • Posterior Scleritis: This affects the back part of the eye and can be more challenging to diagnose due to its subtle symptoms.

2. Causes: Scleritis is often associated with underlying autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including:

   • Rheumatoid arthritis

   • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

   • Wegener's granulomatosis (now known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

   • Ankylosing spondylitis

   • Sjögren's syndrome

   • Inflammatory bowel disease

   • Infectious diseases (rarely)

3. Symptoms:

   • Severe eye pain, which may be throbbing or aching in nature.

   • Redness and inflammation of the sclera, which can be diffuse or localized.

   • Blurred vision or other visual disturbances.

   • Photophobia (sensitivity to light).

   • Tearing and discomfort.

4. Diagnosis:

   • An ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye examination to diagnose scleritis. This may include an evaluation of symptoms, eye health, and medical history.

   • Laboratory tests and imaging studies may be conducted to identify any underlying systemic conditions contributing to scleritis.

5. Treatment:

   • Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and address any underlying autoimmune conditions.

   • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to control inflammation and pain.

   • Corticosteroids, either oral or as eye drops, are often prescribed to reduce inflammation.

   • Immunosuppressive medications may be considered for severe or recurrent cases.

   • Management of any underlying systemic conditions is essential.

6. Prognosis:

   • With proper and timely treatment, most cases of scleritis can be managed effectively, leading to symptom relief and prevention of complications.

   • Severe cases of necrotizing scleritis can lead to thinning of the sclera and potential complications, including perforation of the eye.

7. Follow-Up:

   • Regular follow-up appointments with an ophthalmologist are necessary to monitor the condition, adjust treatment as needed, and prevent potential recurrences.

Scleritis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical intervention. If you experience severe eye pain, redness, or other concerning symptoms, seek immediate medical attention from an eye care professional. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preserving your eye health and preventing complications.