Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) is a medication commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and certain types of malaria. While Plaquenil can be effective in managing these conditions, it is important to be aware of its potential effects on the eyes, as it can cause ocular side effects in some individuals.
Plaquenil can affect the eyes in the following ways:
Retinal Toxicity: The most significant concern with Plaquenil use is the risk of retinal toxicity. Plaquenil has the potential to cause damage to the retina, specifically the area responsible for central vision (macula). This condition is known as hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Symptoms: In the early stages, Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience:
Blurred or distorted central vision.
Difficulty reading or recognizing faces.
Changes in color vision.
Ring-like or bullseye pattern around lights or objects.
Risk Factors: Several factors increase the risk of developing Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity, including:
Higher doses or prolonged use of Plaquenil.
Long duration of use (over several years).
Cumulative dose exceeding recommended limits based on body weight.
Kidney or liver disease.
Age over 60.
Screening and Monitoring: To minimize the risk of retinal toxicity, individuals taking Plaquenil should undergo regular eye examinations. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends baseline screening within the first year of starting Plaquenil and annual screenings thereafter. Screening includes tests such as visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess retinal health.
Dosage Adjustment or Discontinuation: If signs of retinal toxicity are detected, the ophthalmologist may recommend reducing the Plaquenil dosage or discontinuing the medication to prevent further damage.
Precautions: If you are prescribed Plaquenil, it's important to:
Follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and duration of use.
Inform your eye care professional that you are taking Plaquenil, and schedule regular eye examinations as recommended.
Report any changes in vision or other ocular symptoms to your healthcare providers.
It's important to note that while retinal toxicity is a potential risk, many individuals benefit from Plaquenil without experiencing significant eye-related issues. Regular monitoring and communication with both your prescribing physician and eye care specialist are key to ensuring the safe and effective use of Plaquenil while minimizing the risk of ocular side effects.
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